Marc de Visme ; Glynn Winskel - Causal Unfoldings and Disjunctive Causes

lmcs:6202 - Logical Methods in Computer Science, April 20, 2023, Volume 19, Issue 2 - https://doi.org/10.46298/lmcs-19(2:4)2023
Causal Unfoldings and Disjunctive CausesArticle

Authors: Marc de Visme ; Glynn Winskel

    In the simplest form of event structure, a prime event structure, an event is associated with a unique causal history, its prime cause. However, it is quite common for an event to have disjunctive causes in that it can be enabled by any one of multiple sets of causes. Sometimes the sets of causes may be mutually exclusive, inconsistent one with another, and sometimes not, in which case they coexist consistently and constitute parallel causes of the event. The established model of general event structures can model parallel causes. On occasion however such a model abstracts too far away from the precise causal histories of events to be directly useful. For example, sometimes one needs to associate probabilities with different, possibly coexisting, causal histories of a common event. Ideally, the causal histories of a general event structure would correspond to the configurations of its causal unfolding to a prime event structure; and the causal unfolding would arise as a right adjoint to the embedding of prime in general event structures. But there is no such adjunction. However, a slight extension of prime event structures remedies this defect and provides a causal unfolding as a universal construction. Prime event structures are extended with an equivalence relation in order to dissociate the two roles, that of an event and its enabling; in effect, prime causes are labelled by a disjunctive event, an equivalence class of its prime causes. With this enrichment a suitable causal unfolding appears as a pseudo right adjoint. The adjunction relies critically on the central and subtle notion of extremal causal realisation as an embodiment of causal history. Finally, we explore subcategories which support parallel causes as well the key operations needed in developing probabilistic distributed strategies with parallel causes.


    Volume: Volume 19, Issue 2
    Published on: April 20, 2023
    Accepted on: January 17, 2023
    Submitted on: March 16, 2020
    Keywords: Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science

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