Oleg Verbitsky ; Maksim Zhukovskii - On the First-Order Complexity of Induced Subgraph Isomorphism

lmcs:4299 - Logical Methods in Computer Science, March 6, 2019, Volume 15, Issue 1 - https://doi.org/10.23638/LMCS-15(1:25)2019
On the First-Order Complexity of Induced Subgraph IsomorphismArticle

Authors: Oleg Verbitsky ; Maksim Zhukovskii

    Given a graph F, let I(F) be the class of graphs containing F as an induced subgraph. Let W[F] denote the minimum k such that I(F) is definable in k-variable first-order logic. The recognition problem of I(F), known as Induced Subgraph Isomorphism (for the pattern graph F), is solvable in time O(nW[F]). Motivated by this fact, we are interested in determining or estimating the value of W[F]. Using Olariu's characterization of paw-free graphs, we show that I(K3+e) is definable by a first-order sentence of quantifier depth 3, where K3+e denotes the paw graph. This provides an example of a graph F with W[F] strictly less than the number of vertices in F. On the other hand, we prove that W[F]=4 for all F on 4 vertices except the paw graph and its complement. If F is a graph on t vertices, we prove a general lower bound W[F]>(1/2o(1))t, where the function in the little-o notation approaches 0 as t inreases. This bound holds true even for a related parameter W[F]W[F], which is defined as the minimum k such that I(F) is definable in the infinitary logic Lkω. We show that W[F] can be strictly less than W[F]. Specifically, W[P4]=3 for P4 being the path graph on 4 vertices. Using the lower bound for W[F], we also obtain a succintness result for existential monadic second-order logic: A usage of just one monadic quantifier sometimes reduces the first-order quantifier depth at a super-recursive rate.


    Volume: Volume 15, Issue 1
    Published on: March 6, 2019
    Accepted on: October 16, 2018
    Submitted on: February 20, 2018
    Keywords: Computer Science - Computational Complexity,Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science,F.4.1

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